Anxiety, insomnia, and muscle spasms are most common problems today. Benzodiazepines is commonly used to treat these diseases. It is mainly metabolized by CYP2C19, and many individuals have reduced CYP2C19 enzyme activity in significant manner, that leads to less or no results of the drug.
It is a very common drug for pain relief. The clearance and efficacy of Morphine are largely influenced by genes like OPRM1, COMT, SLC22A1*4. Genetic testing can help in determining the dosage and reduce the side effects of drug.
The variances of gene like CYP3A5 have direct effect on Verapamil (antihypertensive) clearance. CYP3A5 expressors show a greater oral clearance of antihypertensive as compared to non-expressors. It is an important consideration whole prescribing drugs.
Metformin is the most commonly prescribed drug for type 2 diabetes. It is found that the patients having two copies of required variant show a two-fold drop in the glycated hemoglobin level, which is desirable for antidiabetic drugs.
The inclusion of genotyping treatment using clopidogrel or Plavix enhances the response level of patient. It is found that the patients having CYP2C19 gene are at 3 times greater risk of adverse cardiovascular incidences like stroke, heart attack and even death.
Hemorrhage is a leading cause of death in many countries. The patients carrying genetic variants like VKORC1 or CYP2C9, it is recommended to decrease the drug dose. The patients can achieve stable INR by testing their genes and reduce adverse events.
Beta Blockers are used for conditions like heart failure, angina, and hypertension. The genetic variation like CYP2D6 affects its results as over 70% of metabolism happens through the same pathway.
Statins lowers the ill effects of cholesterol on body but many people experience myopathy induced by statins. Gene understanding will help you choose best drug therapy without side effects.
Genes like CYP3A4*22, CYP3A5*3 strongly influences immunosuppressants like Cyclosporine and Tacrolimus. The incidences of organ toxicity and rejection can be reduced by conducting genetic test before administering immunosuppressants.
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